Background and Aim: Studying scientific outputs by using scientific indices is a useful tool for understanding scientific research. The purpose of this study was to visualize the international research outputs of the SMA subject Area. Materials & Methods: This study is an applied one with an analytical approach and using scientometric indices. The population present in this study includes 4217 Web Of Science database records all in the SMA area from 1946 until the end of 2018. The MeSH was used to identify keywords and Ravar PreMap software for words’ homogenization, VOSviewer, HistCite, and Excel used also. Results: Ninety-one countries involved in scientific production outputs of this subject area, were among the most influential countries in scientific collaboration. The USA has most of its collaborations with other countries. Of the 946 essential journals identified, "Human Molecular Genetics" has got the highest number of citations. The articles in the SMA Subject Area have a total of 6097 keywords, and the “ Spinal Muscular Atrophy” has got the highest frequency and the core subject among the nine influential countries. The total number of articles in this area was 8505. Worthy of mentioning, Iran with 0/58% of the total scientific output ranked nine on the list. Conclusion: The upward trend of SMA scientific research trend indicates the increasing importance of this area in the world. Due to the the international growth of research in this area and the importance of the participation of international research, researchers in our country should pay more attention to scientific cooperation.

The majority of people have experienced pain in their low back or neck in their lives. In this paper, a type-2 fuzzy rule-based expert system is presented for diagnosing the spinal cord disorders. The interval type-2 fuzzy logic system permits us to handle the high uncertainty of diagnosing the type of disorder and its severity. The spinal cord disorders are studied in  ve categories using historical data and clinical symptoms of the patients. The main novelty of this paper lies in presentation of the interval type-2 fuzzy hybrid rule-based system, which is a combination of the forward and backward chaining approaches in its inference engine and avoids unnecessary medical questions. Use of parametric operations for fuzzy calculations increases the robustness of the system and the compatibility of the diagnosis with a wide range of physicians' diagnosis. The outputs of the system are comprised of type of disorder, location, and severity as well as the necessity of taking an M. R. Image. A comparison of the performance of the developed system with the expert shows an acceptable accuracy of the system in diagnosing the disorders and determining the necessity of the M. R. Image.

Purpose: Opioid use disorder has increased worldwide in recent years, and Iran ranks first in terms of opium smoking in the world. Opium smoking by traditional methods, in addition to dependence on morphine, is a behavioral addiction in Iran. The body position during opium smoking is usually non-ergonomic. This study aims to compare sway-back posture and musculoskeletal problems between opium smokers and non-drug users.  Methods: This cross-sectional research is a comparative study. We selected 80 people with opium use disorder (whose main method of their consumption was smoking) and 74 non-drug users. We compared them regarding sway angle (sway back posture) and musculoskeletal complaints (NORDIC questionnaire), and the association of possible risk factors was investigated. We analyzed data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, and paired t-test using SPSS software, version 23.  Results: Two study groups were significantly different in terms of sway back posture (P=0.007), neck (P<0.001), upper back (P<0.001), and lower back (P=0.006) musculoskeletal complaints. Homelessness had a significant correlation with sway back posture and musculoskeletal complaints. Also, the daily duration of opium smoking (in minutes) and opium smoking duration in lifetime (in months) were significantly correlated. Homelessness was the strongest predictor and had the strongest correlation.  Conclusion: In general, increasing the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions can increase sway angle and sway back posture and increase musculoskeletal complaints of the neck, upper back, and lower back due to the non-neutral posture of opium smoking. It seems that plasticity and structural and functional adaptations of the posture occur due to opium smoking. So, further studies are recommended.